संबिधान, सङ्घीयता र स्थानीय सरकार

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g]kfnsf] cGt/Ld ;+ljwfg—@)^# n] gof‘ ;+ljwfgsf] lgdf{0f ;+u} g]kfnsf] PsfTds /fHo ;+/rgfnfO{ ;+l3o ;+/rgfdf ?kfGt0f ug{] kl/sNkgf u/]sf] 5 . t/ gof‘ ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fsfnfuL ul7t ;+ljwfg ;efn] cfkm\gf] d[To'j/0f k"j{ pSt lhDd]jf/L k"/f ug{ ;s]g . g]kfnL hgtfsf] nfdf] ;dob]lvsf] ;+ljwfg ;efdfkmt{ cfkm\gf] ;+ljwfg cfkm} lgdf{0f ug]{ cd't{ rfxgf k'gM klg cw'/} /xg k'u]sf] 5 . ;+ljwfg;efsf] d[To' ;+u} b]z k'gM cGof}n / clglZrttfdf ws]lnPsf 5 . oBkL k"j{ ;ef;bx?sf] Ps em'08 cfkm\gf] hfuL/ k'g{:yfkgfsf] xf/u'xf/ ul//x]sf] 5 . b]zsf] jt{dfg /fhg}lts kl/j]z / ;+ljwfg ;efsf] ljZj Oltxf“;nfO{ s]nfpg] xf] eg] g]kfndf ;+ljwfg ;efsf] k'g{:yfkgf / k'gM u7gsf] ;+efjgf b]lvb}g / ul/g' x'b}g klg . jt{dfg g]kfnL /fhgLltsf] ;+s6sf] ;dfwfg sfg'gL ?kdf x'g ;Sb}g / /fhg}lts txd} ;dfwfgsf] vf]hL ul/g'k5{ .  To;sfnfuL pko'St ljsNk ;Dej eP d[t ;+ljwfg ;efdf k|ltlglwTj ug]{ /fhgLlts bnx? lar / geP k|d'v /fhg}lts bnx?larsf] ;xdlt g} xf] . grfxf“bf grfxb} klg k|d'v /fhg}lts bnx?af6 klg jt{dfg ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg lgj{rfg g} x'g;Sg] ;dfg wf/0ffx? JoSt cJoSt?kdf cfO{/x]sf 5g . To;sf/0f bnx? lar lgjf{rg ug]{ laifodf ;xdlt x'g;Sg] ;Defjgf klg k|jn b]lvG5 . oBlk bnx? s] sf] lgjf{rg ug]{, lgjf{rg s:sf] g]t[Tjsf] ;/sf/n] ug]{ / lgjf{rg slxn] ug]{ eGg] af/]df eg] cfkm\gf] cg's'ntfsf] cfsng ug{df  Jo:t /x]sf] b]lvG5g . o; kl/l:ytLdf /fhg}lts bnx? lar lgjf{rg ;DalGw b]lvPsf] ;dfg wf/0fnfO{ d"t{?k lbg cfufdL ;+ljwfgdf /flvg] t/ ;+ljwfg ;efdf ;xdltx'g g;s]sf laifox?, r'gfjL ;/sf/, lgjf{rgsf] ldlt, ;+;bsf nfuL lgjf{rg, lgjf{lrt ;+;bn] ;+ljwfg n]vgsfnfuL ;+;bdf k|ltlglwTj ug]{ /fhg}lts bnx?sf k|d'v / lj1x? ;lDdlnt Ps cfof]usf] u7g, pSt cfof]u4f/f th'[{df u/]sf] ;+ljwfgsf] vfsfnfO{ ;+;bdf 5nkmn / cg'df]bg kZrft lglZrt ;dodf /fi6k|d'v 4f/f ;fj{hlgs ug]{ ;Ddsf ul/g'kg]{ sfd / k|ls|ofaf/] Kos]hd} ;xdltul/ cl3a9\g'g} clxn]sfnfuL pko'St ljsNk x'g;S5 . t/ g]kfnsf] ljutnfO{ x]g]{ xf] eg] sxL gefsf] hfqf xfl8uf‘pdf eg] h:t} g]kfndf k'gM ;+ljwfg ;ef cl:tTjdf cfPsf] v08df klg crDd rflx x'b}g . d[t ;+ljwfg;efn] ;+ljwfg lbg g;s]klg cfufdL ;+ljwfgsfnfuL cfjZos dxTjk"0f{ sfdx? eg] ul/;s]sf] 5 . cfufdL lbgdf ;+ljwfgsf] th'{df h] h;/L ul/P klg ;+ljwfg;ef4f/f  ;Dkflbt sfo{nfO{ k'0f{?kdf OGsf/ ul/ gof‘ ;+ljwfg aGg] ;Defjgf klg b]lvb}g . of] klg oyfy{ xf] sL jt{dfg cfGtl/s /fhg}lts kl/j]z / cGt/fli6«o ;d'bfosf] g]kfnsf] cfGtl/s /fhgLltdf a9\bf] e'ldsfnfO{ dWogh/ ubf{ ;+l3otfljgfsf] ;+ljwfgsf] kl/sNkgf ug{ klg ufx|f] b]lvG5 . ;+l3otf s:tf] x'g] eGg] af/]df 5'§} ax; / 5nkmn x'g ;Sb5 .  

;+l3o /fHo ;+/rgfsf] cjnDjg k5fl8 x/]s /fHosf cf—cfkm\g} cfjZostf / jfWotfx? /x]sf x'G5g . cfjZostf / jfWotf h]h:tf ePklg k|ls|ofut?kdf ;+l3o/fHo lgdf{0fsf] ljZjJofkL cEof;nfO{ s]nfpg] xf] eg] ;+l3o/fHo lgdf{0fdf b'O{ j6f k|ls|ofx?nfO{ cjnDjg ul/b} cfPsf] kfO{G5 klxnf] ;dli6s/0f / bf];|f] k[ylss/0f . ;+l3o /fHo lgdf{0f k|ls|ofsf cfwf/df ;Daf]wg ug{'kg]{ laifox?sf] k|fyldstfdf klg leGgtf cfpg] ub{5g . h:tf] ls, /fHosf] ;+l3o ?kfGt0fsfnfuL ;dli6s/0f k|ls|ofnfO{ cjnDjg u/]sf] v08df klxrfg / s]Gb|Lo :t/sf] k|ltlglwTjsf] laifon] klxnf] k|fyldstf k|fKt ub{5g cGon] To;kl5sf] . ;+l3o /fHo aGg] o; k|ls|ofdf k|b]z eGbftn clwsf/ Pj+ sfo{lhDd]jf/L n}hfg] s'/fn] sd dxTj kfp“b5 . obL k[ylss/0fsf] k|ls|ofaf6 ;+l3o /fHo ;+/rgfsf] lgdf0f{ ePsf] v08df /fHozlStnfO{ al9 eGbf a9L ljs]lGb|t ug]{ lt/ hf]8 lbOG5 cyf{t k|b]z eGbf tn clwsf/ Pj+ sfo{ lhDd]jf/L n}hfg] s'/fn] ljz]if dxTj kfp‘b5 . o; k|ls|of cGt{ut olb pko'St 9+un] clwsf/ / sfo{ lhDd]jf/LnfO{ :yfgLo ;/sf/sf] tx;Dd k'/\ofpg ;lsPg / To;df klg hfltotfsf cfwf/df ;+l3otfsf] lgdf{0f ul/Psf] v08df eljiodf k|b]zx?leq yk :jfottfsf] rxfgfn] k|b]zx? 6'ls|g] k|ls|ofn] lg/Gt/tf kfpg] l:ytL l;h{gf x'g ;Sg] vt/f ;w} /lx/xG5 h;n] ;+l3otfsf] :yfloTjdf dfq k|Zg lrGx p7\b}gsL /fi6««s} eljiodf vt/f pTkGg x'g;Sg] l:ytL aGg ;Sb5 . To;sf/0f o; k|ls|of cGt{ut ;+l3otfsf] :yfloTj / /fi6«« /fHo lgdf{0fsf nfuL ;+l3o ;+ljwfgn] g} :yfgLo :jfot ;/sf/x/sf] k|Tofe"lt ug'{sf ;fy} ;—;fgf e"uf]ndf a:g] hgtfx?n] :yflgo ;/sf/sf] dfWod dfkm{t cfkm\gf rfxgfx? k'/f ug{;Sg] jtfj/0fsf] Uof/]lG6 ug{ ;Sg' k5{ .

g]kfnsf] ;Gb{edf ;+l3o /fHo lgdf{0fsf] cfjZostf, k|ls|of / k|fyldstfnfO{ s]nfpbf g]kfndf ;+l3otf /fHosf] cfjZostf /fHosf] PsfTds :j?k eGbfklg ljut nfdf] ;do b]lvsf] lg/+s'z s]lGb|s[t zf;lso :j?ksf sf/0f pTkGg ePsf] cfjZostf xf] . csf]{ zAbdf eGg'kbf{ nf]stGqsf] ;'b[9Ls/0f / :yfloTjsf nfuL /fHosf] ;+l3o ;+/rgfnfO{ ;fwgsf] ?kdf :jLsf/ ul/Psf] dfqsf] xf] . ljutsf] lg/+s'z zf;g Joj:yfn] /fHo leqsf ljleGg ;d'bo tyf If]qsf hg;d'bfosf] OR5f, cfsf+Iff Pj+ rfxfgfx?sf] ;Daf]wg ug{ g;Sg'sf sf/0f ;+l3otf k|lt clwsfz+sf] em'sfj j[l4 ePsf] xf] . ofxf“ x]Ssf /fVg'kg]{ s'/f s] 5 eg] s'g} klg b]zsf] zf;g Joj:yfsf] lgwf{/0fdf /fHosf] ;+/rgf eGbfklg Toxf‘ pkl:yt /fhg}lts, ;fdflhs Pj+ cfly{s ;+:s[lt kIfsf] dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf x'g] ub{5 . g]kfnnfO{ ljBdfg PsfTds /fHo ;+/rgfaf6 ;+l3o /fHo ;+/rgfdf ?kfGt/0f x'g k|ls|ofut ?kdf k[ylss/0f eGbf csf]{ ljsNk lyPg / 5}g klg . t/ h;} ;+ljwfg ;efdf gof“ ;+ljwfg lgdf0f{ k|ls|of;+u} ;+l3otfsf] laifodf 5nkmn cl3 a9\b} uof] ta /fHosf] ;+l3o ?kfGt/0f ;DaGwdf k"j{ lgwf{l/t k|fyldstfdf klg kl/jt{g cfof] . k"j{lgw{fl/t k|d'v k|fyldstf ;dfj]zL nf]stGqsf] :yfkgf, ;'b[9Ls/0f Pj+ :yfoLTjsf nfuL clwsf/ / sfo{lhDd]jfl/sf] lgIf]k0f :yflgo ;/sf/;Dd  s;/L ug{ ;lsG5 / zlStzfnL :yflgo :jfot ;/sf/sf] :yfkgf ul/ s;/L cfdhgtfnfO{ al9 eGbf a9L ;'ljwf k|bfg ug{ / nf]stGqnfO{ ufp“3/ ;Dd k'/\ofpg ;lsG5 eGg] af/]df 5nkmn ax; x'g'kg]{df  klxrfgsf] ;jfn k|d'v ag]/ cuf8L cfof] . ;Dk"0f{ /fhg}lts bn, gful/s ;dfh tyf lj1x? /fHosf] nf]stflGqs/0f ug{ cfjZos kg]{ clwsf/ / sfo{lhDd]jf/Lsf] :yflgo ;/sf/;Dd lgIf]k0f ug]{ s'/fdf eGbfklg klxrfgsf] cGtlxg ljjfblt/ clNemg k'u] . xf] nf]stflGqs zf;gdf klxrfg / k|ltlglwTj klg dxTjk"0f{ s'/f x'g t/ nf]stGq ljgfsf] ;+l3otf klxrfg / k|ltlglwTjsf] s'g} cf}lrTo x'g;Sb}g . nf]stGqljgf klxrfgo'St ;+l3otfn] dfq :jtM nIox? xfl;n ug{ ;St}g . jt{dfg g]kfndf Psflt/ nf]stGq lbgk|ltlbg vl:sb} u}/x]sf] 5 . ;/sf/sf] pkl:ytL cGtsf] t s] s'/f l;+xb/jf/, Pj+ afn'jf6f/d} klg b]lvb}g eGg]s'/f t a]nf a]nf lt :yfgx?df x'g] rf]/L, dlxnfsd{rf/L dfyLsf] b'Jo{jxf/, h'n'z, s'6lk6 / lg/Gt/sf] e|i6frf/af6} k|i6 xG5 . :yfgLo lgsfosf] lgjf{rg gePsf] !% aif{ k'/f e};Sof] eg] :yflgo lgsfo k|ltlglwTjljlxg ePsf] klg !! aif{ e};Sof] . Psflt/ nf]stGqsf] of] xljut eO/xbf csf]{lt/ klxrfgsf] d'4fnfO{ cgfjZos ?kdf p5fNg]sfd ljleGg /fhg}lts bn / ;d'bfoaf6 x'b}cfPsf] 5 . cfh klxrgfsf] d'4fnfO{ h'g ?kdf ljleGg bn Pj+ ;d'bfon] p5fNg] sfd ePsf] 5 To;n] cfGtl/s /fhgLltdf k|of]u ul/b} cfPsf] sGh'dl/og kf]lnl6S; -pkef]Stfd'vL /fhgLlt_ nfO{ lj:yflkt ub}{ g]kfnsf] cGt/fli6««o ;DaGw To;df klg ljz]if u/]/ ef/t ;+usf] ;DaGwdf laz]if u/]/ g]kfnsf sDo'lgi6 kf6L{x?4f/f k|of]u ul/b} cfPsf] ;]lG6d]G6 kf]lnl6S; -efjgfTds /fhgLlt_ nfO{ cfGtl/s /fhgLltdfklg :yflkt u/fpg] h'g sfd u/]sf] 5 Tof] Hofb} 8/nfUbf] 5 . olb o;sf] ;dfwfg ;dod} nf]stGqsf] ;'b[9Ls/0faf6 ug{ ;lsPg eg] o;n] g]kfnnfO{ clk|msg b]zx? ;f]dfnLof, Olyof]lkof / ;'8fgsf] l:ytLdf g]kfn k'UgsfnfuL s'g} ljz]if lbgsf] k|ltIff ul//xg'  kg]{ 5}g .

cGtdf ;+l3o nf]stflGqs u0ftGqfTds g]kfn cGt/Ld ;+ljwfg—@)^# sf] kl/sNkgf Pj+ clwsfz+ g]kfnL hgtfsf] dt cleJoSt ePsf] laifoklg xf] . To;sf/0f ;a} /fhg}lts bn Pj+ ;d'bfon] o;k|lt OdfGbf/ltfk"j{s ljgf hfnem]n, ljgfk"jf{u|x, ljgf e]befj, ljgf 5nsk6, ljgf JolStut Pj+ ;d'xut :jfy{ nf]stflGqs d"No / dfGotf cg'?k b]znfO{ ;+l3o ;+/rgfdf ?kfGt/0fug{ nfUg' h?/L 5 . nf]stGqsf] ;'b[l9s/0f tyf :yfloTj ePdfq klxrfg / ;dfj]lztftfsf] cf}lrTo x'g;Sb5 eg] cfly{s, ;fdfhLs Pj+ /fhg}lts d'4fx?sf] ;Daf]wg x'g ;Sb5g . nf]stGqsf] ;'b[l9s/0fsfnuL clwsf/ / sfo{lhDd]jf/LnfO{ :yfgLo ;/sf/sf] tx;Dd k'/\ofO{ gof“ ;+ljwfg dfk{mt ;'b[9 :yfgLo :jfoQ ;/sf/sf] k|Tofe"t ul/g' kb{5 To;sf nfuL cfd g]kfnL hgtfn] cf—cfkm\gf] tk{maf6 lglxt :jy{ eGbf dfyL p7L e"ldsf v]ng'g} cfhsf] g]kfnL /fHosf] dfu Pj+ cfjZostf xf]  .  

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